15 Classification of selective and non-selective excitation processes in argon–helium plasmas, involving also copper, was presented by Mushtaq et al. 14 Matrix effects in glow discharge emission spectroscopy related to the excitation of copper were studied by Weiss. The effects of hydrogen on Cu II spectra in argon and neon discharges were studied by Hodoroaba et al.
7,8 The computer modelling of glow discharge excitation of copper in studies by Bogaerts et al. 6 In 1991, Wagatsuma and Hirokawa studied Cu II spectra in argon–helium glow discharges. extended the work on Cu II excitation to include a supplementary microwave discharge 4,5 and discharges in neon 5,6 and krypton. In this equation and throughout the paper, the asterisk * refers to an excited state of the respective species and the subscripts 0 and m mean the ground state and a metastable state, respectively. 1,2 The key step to understanding the Cu II spectrum in argon glow discharges was made by Steers and Fielding in 1987 when they found out that the 224.700 nm line, by far the strongest Cu II emission line in a glow discharge in argon, is excited by asymmetric charge transfer between 3p 5 2P 1/2 metastable argon ions and ground state copper atoms: 3Ĭu 0 + Ar m + (3p 5 2P 1/2) → Cu +*(3d 94p 3P ° 2) + Ar 0 + Δ E A good introduction to the subject is provided in the works by Zhao and Horlick. Introduction and experimental details Studies of excitation and ionization of copper in glow discharge plasmas have been ongoing for many years, in connection with analytical applications of atomic spectroscopy, hollow cathode lamps, metal vapor ion lasers, magnetron sputtering for thin film deposition and in the diagnostics of astrophysical plasmas. Based on the transition rate diagrams, several different collisional processes between ground state and metastable atoms and ions of copper and the discharge gas are proposed as probably significant for populating upper levels of the Cu II emission lines observed. Transition rate diagrams of copper ions in argon and neon glow discharges are presented, using data from Cu II emission spectra.
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